The work deals with the issue of state borders, their supervision and control with reference to the Republic of Croatia. Borders are the center of territorial sovereignty and everything related to a state border or crossing it is subject to potential politicization. And yet, from a border studies perspective, the change in how borders work and how we think about borders is pervasive and profound. To begin with, the contemporary state of the debate reflects a rather radical shift away from the reification of national borders as an expression of popular sovereignty, political recognition, and freedom from externally imposed constraints. Borders can be defined as geographic boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federal states, and other subnational entities. Considering the role of the Republic of Croatia in the Schengen area in the context of the protection of the external borders of the European Union, the complexity of the current situation in Europe and the readiness of the European institutions to use various measures and mechanisms to protect the acquired freedoms and rights of Union citizens are evident.