Computer forensics is a key discipline in modern investigations, enabling the collection, preservation, and analysis of digital evidence. This paper explores the history, methodologies, tools, and future trends of computer forensics, along with an analysis of real-world cases. The development of computer forensics began as a response to early cases of computer fraud and hacking, and with the expansion of the Internet and the advancement of digital technologies, it has become a crucial part of cybersecurity. The fundamental principles of forensic analysis include the collection, preservation, analysis, and reporting of digital evidence. Computer forensics encompasses various specialized branches, such as hard disk forensics, network forensics, mobile device forensics, cloud forensics, malware forensics, and Internet of Things (IoT) forensics, covering a wide range of digital environments. The forensic analysis using the Autopsy tool, conducted in the practical part of this paper, enabled the identification of suspicious files, metadata analysis, and the recovery of deleted data. This demonstrated the application of theoretical concepts in real-world investigations, confirming the importance of such tools in forensic practice.