Human rights are fundamental values for a society and an indicator of democratic legitimacy. The lack of human rights protection threatens democracy and paves the way for authoritarian practices. This paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding human rights including the mechanisms of their protection. By analyzing the restriction of freedom in the context of criminal law the need for proportional and temporary restrictions in accordance with human rights is emphasized. The analysis of police detention procedures highlights the importance of respect for human rights and transparency. Statistical analysis of crime is crucial for the development of prevention policies emphasizing the importance of preventive measures and the cooperation of all stakeholders. The profound social and psychological consequences of restricting freedoms require that such restrictions be proportionate and temporary and support alternative strategies that encourage the reintegration of convicts. Achieving a balance between protecting society and respecting human rights is essential for a just and secure society. This paper highlights the importance of this balance to ensure a fair system for all citizens.