| Sažetak | Međunarodno ratno pravo predstavlja skup pravnih pravila u oružanim sukobima. Sastoji se od Ženevske i Haške konvencije, naknadnih ugovora, sudske prakse i međunarodnog običajnog prava. Ratno pravo se primjenjuje isključivo od početka sukoba, a štiti osobe koje više nisu uključene u sukobe (civili, zarobljenici, ranjeni i sl.). Glavni cilj međunarodnog ratnog prava je humanizirati rat koliko je god moguće. Obvezujuće je svim državama koje su potpisale određene ugovore, ali također postoje druga nepisana običajna prava rata, koje su obvezujuće i prema državama koje nisu potpisnice određenih međunarodnih ugovora. U širem smislu ratno pravo obuhvaća i norme koje nisu u izravnoj vezi sa sukobima, već se odnose na posljedice rata i sudbinu žrtava rata. U 19. stoljeću je došlo do prvih kodifikacija ratnog prava, ponajviše zahvaljujući Henryu Dunantu i Crvenom križu. Nakon toga dolazi do Haških konferencija 1899. i 1907. U njima su bile sadržane konvencije i deklaracije o mirnom rješavanju sporova, zabrani uporabe sile, zabrani započinjanja neprijateljstava, o običajima rata, pravima i dužnostima neutralnih sila i dr. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata dolazi do donošenja jednako bitnih Ženevskih konvencija koje su trebale dodatno humanizirati rat i dopuniti ratno pravo. 60-ih godina prošlog stoljeća se ograničavaju nuklearna i biološka oružja zbog velike prijetnje čovječanstvu. U novije vrijeme ratno pravo se sve češće naziva i humanitarno pravo, ponajprije zbog toga što je svrha zaštita čovjeka u ratu, te dodatna humanizacija rata. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | International law of war respresents a set of legal rules in armed conflict. It consist of the Geneva and Hague Conventions, additional contracts, case law and customary international law. The law of war has been applied exclusively since the beginning of conflict, and it protects people who are no longer involved in conflict (civilians, prisoners, wounded, etc.). The main goal of international law of war is to humanize war as much as possible. It is binding for all the states that have singed certain treaties, however, there are also other unwritten customary rights of war, which are also binding on states that are not signatories of certain international treaties. In a broader sense, the law of war also includes norms that are not directly related to conflicts, but relate to the consequences of war and the fate of war victims. The first codifications of the law of war took place in the 19th century, mostly thanks to Henry Dunant and the Red Cross. This was followed by the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907. They contained conventions and declarations on the peaceful settlement of disputes, the prohibition of the use of force, the prohibition of hostilities, the customs of war, the rights and duties of neutral forces, etc. After the Second World War, the Geneva convention was composed, which goal was to further humanize the war and supplement the law of war. In the 1960s, nuclear and biological weapons were restricted due to a major threat to humanity. In recent times, the law of war is increasingly called humanitarian law, primarily because the purpose is to protect the people in war, as well as the additional humanization of war. |
