| Abstract | Pitanja nacionalnih manjina su tema koja se već desetljećima nalazi na dnevnom redu međunarodne zajednice, kao i problemi koje se javljaju unutar države oko manjinskih naroda. Problemi zaštite nacionalnih manjina počinju već na međunarodnom planu definiranjem manjinskog naroda. Zaštita prava manjina kao institut suvremenog međunarodnog prava, vuče svoje korijene s kraja šesnaestog stoljeća, kada sazrijeva misao o zaštiti vjerskih manjina nastalih previranjem i raskolom unutar kršćanstva, te time uzrokovanim vjerskim ratovima u Europi započeti sredinom šesnaestog stoljeća. Kroz razne Konvencije, Povelje, Ugovore i institucije kao što je Liga naroda, Ujedinjeni narodi, Vijeće Europe, po prvi put dolazi do značajnijeg iskoraka u vezi zaštite manjina.
U samostalnoj Republici Hrvatskoj prvi put se donosi Ustavni akt oko zaštite nacionalnih manjina 1990. godine, iako s određenim nedostatcima. No kroz godine razvijanja Hrvatske donose se rješenja koja uvelike pomažu nacionalnim manjinama i većim njihovim mogućnostima. Manjine su zastupljene u svim sferama društva počevši od Sabora, lokalnim i regionalnim upravama, tijelima državnih uprava i slično tomu. Danas također postoje i Uredi i Savjeti za nacionalne manjine koje uvelike pomažu da se čuje glas i težnje nacionalnih manjina.
Također se raspravlja o temi ostvarivanje prava nacionalnih manjina, konkretno na primjeru uvođenja dvojezičnih ploča u Vukovaru. Rad nastoji prikazati položaj nacionalnih manjina od samog početka stvaranja svijesti o nacionalnim manjinama kroz navedene institucije. Nadalje radom se želi prikazati položaj nacionalnih manjina u Republici Hrvatskoj od osamostaljenja pa do danas. |
| Abstract (english) | National minority issues have been on the agenda of the international community for decades, as well as problems occurring within the state around minority peoples. Problems of protection of national minorities begin on the international level by defining a minority nation. The protection of minority rights as an institute of contemporary international law has its roots at the end of the sixteenth century, when the thought of the protection of religious minorities caused by turmoil and divisions within Christianity, leading to religious wars in Europe that began in the mid-sixteenth century. Through various conventions, charters, treaties, and institutions such as the League of Nations, the United Nations, and the Council of Europe, significant progress has been made regarding minority protection. In the independent Republic of Croatia, the first constitutional act regarding the protection of national minorities was adopted in 1990, albeit with certain shortcomings. However, over the years of Croatia's development, solutions have been implemented that greatly assist national minorities and enhance their opportunities. Minorities are represented in all spheres of society, starting from the Parliament, local and regional governments, to state administrative bodies, and the like. Today, there are also Offices and Councils for National Minorities that significantly contribute to amplifying the voices and aspirations of national minorities. Furthermore, the topic of the realization of the rights of national minorities is being discussed, specifically in the example of introducing bilingual signs in Vukovar. This paper aims to illustrate the position of national minorities from the very inception of awareness about them through the mentioned institutions. Additionally, the paper seeks to portray the position of national minorities in the Republic of Croatia from its independence to the present day. |
