Abstract | Međunarodni je spor svako neslaganje tvrdnji ili zahtjeva između dviju međunarodnih osoba ili više njih. Većinu sporova rješavaju stranke spora same između sebe, nakon kraćih ili duljih pregovora. Sredstva mirnog rješavanja koja su se izgradila u međunarodnom pravu na raspolaganju su strankama spora, ali one prema općem međunarodnom pravu nisu obvezatne na svoj spor primijeniti neko određeno sredstvo. Za uporabu pojedinog sredstva uvijek je potrebna privola stranaka. Načini mirnog rješavanja sporova su podijeljeni u 3 skupine: u diplomatska sredstva, Institucionalizirana (formalizirana) sredstva koja ne moraju dovesti do konačne odluke i sredstva koja dovode do obvezujuće presude. U diplomatska sredstva spadaju izravni pregovori između strana spora, dobre usluge i posredovanje nekog trećeg. U institucionalizirana sredstva spada mirenje i istraga, a pod sredstva koja dovodu do obvezujuće presude su arbitraža i rješavanje sporova na Međunarodnom sudu. Arbitraža, je u pravu način rješavanja sporova, u kojem se sporovi rješavaju izvan suda, a stranke svoj predmet spora iznose pred jednu ili više osoba (arbitar, arbitri, arbitražni sud). Arbitar, odnosno arbitražni sud kao nedržavni sud svoje ovlaštenje za rješavanje spora crpi iz sporazuma stranaka.Arbitraža je najstarija pravna metoda rješavanja sporova. Njena uloga je rješavanje u skladu sa međunarodnim pravom podnesenih joj sporova. Njeno postojanje zabilježeno je još kod naroda starog istoka, zatim Sumerana, starih Grka, srednjovjekovnih talijanskih gradova i drugih. |
Abstract (english) | International dispute is any discrepancy claims or claims between two international persons or more. Most cases are resolved between parties among themselves, after shorter or longer negotiations. Means of peaceful settlement, which were built in international law, are at disposal for the parties, but according to general international law are not obliged to apply a particular asset for their dispute. To use an individual asset it still requires consent of the parties. Methods of peaceful settlement of disputes are divided into three groups: the diplomatic means,institutionalized (formalized) funds which do not necessarily lead to a final decision, and the means that lead to a binding judgment. Diplomatic means include direct negotiations between the parties to the dispute, good offices and mediation of a third party. Institutionalized goods include conciliation and investigation, and the means that leads to binding judgment are arbitration and judgment in front of the international court of justice.Arbitration, in atermsof a law is a way to dealwithlitigation, inwichdisputes are considered to besolvedoutofcourt, whereparties arerepresentingtheirmatterinfrontof one or more persons (arbitrator, arbitrators, courtofarbitration). Arbitrator, orcourtofarbitration as a non-statecourtderivesitsauthority to resolvethedisputefromagreementbetweentheparties. Arbitration is theoldestlegalmethodofsolvingdisputes. Its role is to resolve,inaccordancewithinternationallaw,disputessubmitted to it.
Itsexistancewasnotedevenamongthepeople oft he Far East, Sumerans, ancientGreeks, medievalcitiesandother. |