This paper analyses the European union and protection of human rights within it's teritory. The introduction covers the general idea of European community from early beginings until the forming and developing of European union in it's current state. I described the process of European integration, the concept of it's functioning through different institutions and sectors, as well as Croatia's path to the European community. The second chapter refers to the politics of human rights in European union from the end of World War II until today. I described the process of adopting European convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as Charter of fundamental rights of the European union. I included the detailed description of Charters content and compared it's concept and purpose to the Convention for the protection of human rights.