This paper describes the expropriation as a legal seizure by public authority, which can take or restrict the private rights of other parties in its own benefit. The eminent domain has been always present in Croatia, but constantly changing, due to different historical and political circumstances. After an overview of the legal regulation of expropriation in history, this thesis represents particularly the development of expropriation in Croatia after independence in 1991. In Republic of Croatia the subject of an expropriation is a real estate, and expropriation may be implemented if estimated that it will achieve a greater benefit in the use of the property in a new purpose. It is regulated by Expropriation law, which provides preparatory procedures for the purpose of expropriation. Expropriation beneficiary is the person in whose favour the expropriation is carried out. He is obliged, before the proposal, to request evidence of insurance status and value of the property for expropriation. Furthermore, this paper shows the analysis of the process of expropriation in Croatia and compensation for expropriated property, as one of the most important elements of expropriation. In conclusion, this thesis recalls the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in procedures regarding property rights. Two cases of expropriation procedure and regulatory measures of compensation applied in the European Court of Human Rights have been examined.